世界很小 我們需要攜手共進(jìn)
-----專訪美國休斯敦副市長阿德里安?加西亞
□ 《石油與裝備》本刊記者 / 覃珧 Reporter / Qin Yao
休斯敦是一座伴隨石油開采發(fā)展起來的城市，經(jīng)過百余年的發(fā)展，休斯敦完成了從“油城”成功地轉(zhuǎn)化為今天集能源、生化、航空等多種經(jīng)濟(jì)中心于一體的綜合性大都市。全美油氣上市公司前200強(qiáng)中，有不少于45家總部設(shè)在這里，該地區(qū)集中了5000多家與能源相關(guān)的公司。從“世界油城”到“能源之都”，能源行業(yè)仍是休斯敦的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，作為美國能源和石化工業(yè)中心，“休斯敦模式”為世人所稱道。
休斯敦目前能源發(fā)展?fàn)顩r如何？如何成功打造石油裝備基地？如何促進(jìn)美中兩國在能源領(lǐng)域特別是石油裝備行業(yè)的合作？如何實(shí)現(xiàn)中美頂級石油展互通有無？在日前東營市舉辦的休斯敦市與東營市雙邊能源合作協(xié)議簽字儀式上，本刊記者專程采訪了休斯敦副市長阿德里安?加西亞先生。
打造“能源之都”
《石油與裝備》：休斯敦市是美國石油工業(yè)和石化工業(yè)的中心，請您簡單介紹一下休斯敦市目前的發(fā)展情況。
阿德里安?加西亞：休斯敦位于得克薩斯州東南沿海、加爾維斯頓灣西北岸平原上，通過長80公里的通海運(yùn)河與墨西哥灣相連，得天獨(dú)厚的地理優(yōu)勢使它發(fā)展成為全美最大的石油工業(yè)中心。
休斯敦市是美國第四大城市，是美國最大的城市之一，占地面積700平方英里。休斯敦?fù)碛凶铌P(guān)鍵的機(jī)械制造工業(yè)，有最大的能源商貿(mào)港口，在油氣領(lǐng)域我們有廣為傳頌的石化發(fā)展史，是聞名遐邇的石化中心。我們還有非常完善的會議設(shè)施和高效運(yùn)行的交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)。
我們的石化行業(yè)產(chǎn)值最大，占全國煉油量的1/3。僅有一百多年歷史的休斯敦，各行各業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展欣欣向榮。未來，我們期盼更多的朋友來到這里，我們還考慮為所有煉油和生產(chǎn)企業(yè)打造一個“能源之都”。
裝備帶來高效高產(chǎn)
《石油與裝備》：目前，金融危機(jī)在世界蔓延，石油開采難度不斷增加，您認(rèn)為裝備和石油行業(yè)的關(guān)系是什么？
阿德里安?加西亞：我認(rèn)為石油還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有完全被開采出來，但是卻越來越難以開采，需要具備的條件就是要用最好的石油裝備來開采，依靠制造業(yè)，盡可能高效而謹(jǐn)慎地發(fā)展，我們需要關(guān)注環(huán)保問題，在不遠(yuǎn)的將來，裝備將為這個特殊的行業(yè)帶來高效率和高產(chǎn)能。所以我想，休斯敦作為能源領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)軍城市，以后將可以為東營提供幫助。
《石油與裝備》：中國很多石油城計劃打造石油裝備基地，您對此有何建議？
阿德里安?加西亞：實(shí)際上我認(rèn)為你們有基礎(chǔ)吸引投資，建立起裝備基地。其實(shí)我們在美國也是這么做的，我們通過吸引外資，規(guī)劃研發(fā)，發(fā)展制造業(yè)，我們的城市也相應(yīng)給予各方面支持。
現(xiàn)在中國發(fā)生的這一切，正好是過去在休斯敦所發(fā)生過的。休斯敦也是和別的一些城市一樣，劃出一部分土地，建造住宅、商店、辦公樓和研究中心等建筑，給我們的投資商或公司提供便利，讓他們幫助我們打造基地。
領(lǐng)軍城市雙贏合作
《石油與裝備》：請介紹一下此次由您帶隊(duì)到中國的代表團(tuán)成員？此行目的是什么？
阿德里安?加西亞：我們此行人員有油企代表、醫(yī)療界代表、私企代表、國際事務(wù)代表，有工程師，還有人專門從事國際關(guān)系，比如，我們有人專門與德國、利比亞及埃及建立關(guān)系，他們在休斯敦居住，但是工作區(qū)域卻遍布全球。
作為代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長，我代表休斯敦市政府與東營市政府簽署雙邊能源合作協(xié)議。通過簽署雙邊能源合作協(xié)議，作為全球能源產(chǎn)業(yè)的領(lǐng)軍城市，東營市和休斯敦市將共同努力，進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)目前及潛在的合作與嘗試。雙方將指定特別代表就石油天然氣、石油化工、石油裝備加工制造及人員培訓(xùn)等每一個合作領(lǐng)域設(shè)計具體工作計劃。
《石油與裝備》：東營應(yīng)該向休斯敦借鑒什么？為什么休斯敦選擇東營作為友好城市？未來，休斯敦與東營將如何能攜手發(fā)展？
阿德里安?加西亞：其實(shí)我認(rèn)為休斯敦需要向東營學(xué)習(xí)很多東西，這也是為什么我們來到這里。首先我們想讓東營知道我們想成為他們的合作伙伴。我們這兩個城市有很多共同點(diǎn)。今天是首屆展會和會議的第一天，讓我想起很多年前剛剛在休斯敦起步的OTC。
所以我們都一樣，需要各界支持，希望東營收獲成功，因?yàn)闁|營的成功也必將成為我們的成功。我們應(yīng)該抓住一切互相學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會。我們想要成為東營的合作伙伴，因?yàn)槲覀兿嘈潘麄兛梢越o我們提供很多支持，而我們也會為他們提供一切力所能及的幫助。東營有一位很棒的市長，有一個很好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)，我們會一起努力，一步一步深入發(fā)展。
中美石油展互通有無
《石油與裝備》：休斯敦都采取了哪些主要措施來吸引眾多客商每年來參加當(dāng)?shù)嘏e辦的會議和交易會，比如OTC ?
阿德里安?加西亞：當(dāng)今世界最大最綜合的油氣類展會OTC，已經(jīng)在休斯敦成功舉辦30多屆。我們感到很驕傲，也在努力保持這個規(guī)模。因此，我們不僅要保持原有的水平，還要爭取在能源領(lǐng)域不斷提高工作效率，讓更多的人來休斯敦參加OTC和其他會議。我們是一個很友好的城市，很多人都覺得休斯敦是一個非常美好的城市，適合工作也適合娛樂。
《石油與裝備》：亞洲最大的石油石化技術(shù)裝備展覽會??cippe得到了美國使館的大力支持，參加cippe的美國展團(tuán)每年都在增加。怎樣看待越來越多的美國油企對中國市場所表現(xiàn)出的濃厚興趣？
阿德里安?加西亞：我常說，在國內(nèi)外建立良好關(guān)系對我們至關(guān)重要，當(dāng)我們關(guān)注能源領(lǐng)域，我們需要與中國建立更好的合作關(guān)系，我們需要分享信息，我們都具有全球最大的石油天然氣消費(fèi)能力，所以我們必須保證互通有無，友好發(fā)展。 而且當(dāng)前，世界很小，我們務(wù)必要做到你中有我，我中有你。
《石油與裝備》：是否可以組團(tuán)參觀cippe以便找到更多來自世界各地的合作伙伴？
阿德里安?加西亞：我想非常有可能組團(tuán)，明天你們可以和 Helen T. Chang女士（休斯敦市長辦公室特別助理、國際事務(wù)及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展部部長）坐下來詳細(xì)地談一談,我們可以做相關(guān)安排。
Let's Join Hands for Mutual Development in the Small World
-----Exclusive Interview with Adrian Garcia,Mayor Pro Tem of Houston
P+E:Would you please have a brief introduction for thecity of Houston?
Adrian Garcia:Houston is the fourth largest city in US,it isone of the largest cities in America,the city accounts for 700 square miles.And it has the critical manufacture.We have the largest inland trading port.We have pay significant amount of petrochemical history in the era oil and gas.We have a very grew known petrochemical center.And then we have a very active convention facilities and transportation system.So it is one of the largest cities in America.And also we have a max amount of the production of petrochemical industry,and one third of the refining economy comes to it.And the city that is only little of hundred years old,so it is a city covering so many sectors growing every day.We are expecting many more people arriving here.And in the future,we still consider to build the energy capital of US to all of the finery and production enterprises.
P+E:Nowadays,it is very hard to find oil,what do you think of the relationship between equipment and petroleum sector?
Adrian Garcia:I don’t think we have ever run out of oil, but it is getting harder and harder to find,and the consequent we need to have the best equipment to continue to find the oil that it is there,use the manufacture so that we grow efficiently and carefully as possible,we want to be careful about the environment,so all of the equipment in information that could be offer in particular sector that could land to better efficiency and better production in the near future.So I think by Houston leading ways for energy,it may also help Dongying into the future.
P+E:Many cities in China who are rich in oil resources plan to build the large equipment bases,would you please give them any ideas?
Adrian Garcia:I think that you have the bases to attract investment to create an equipment base.This is what we do in the United States,we attract investment to develop a construction of a manufacturing plan to research development,and then the city offers a support.What has happened in the past is that some times what actually happen here in China.For Houston,it is one of the cities donated some land so we can construct a building for where house,storage,office and research,so for many places like that what you can offer the investors or companies so that they can help open up the bases.
P+E:Could you please have an introduction of your delegation you lead to China this time?
Adrian Garcia:We have someone represent in medical, someone represent in our private companies,we have some that are represented in the oil areas and international affaires,we have engineers,and someone have the relation in other parts of the world,for example,we have a German that has relationship with Libya and Egypt,so they live in Houston but work in other parts of the world.
P+E:What should Dongying learn from Houston?Why Houston choose Dongying as its friendship city?How will Houston and Dongying develop hand in hand?
Adrian Garcia:I think Houston has a lot to learn from Dongying,and this is why we are here.We want to show first of all Dongying that we want to be partners.We have a lot in common.Today was the beginning of the exhibition and conference,just think over that the OTC started in Houston many years ago.And so we want to be supported to harvest the success for Dongying,because we believe that the success would also be connected to our success.We should always take the opportunity to learn from each other, so we want to be partner of Dongying,because we believe that they have a lot of offers,and we want to offer whatever we can to support them also.You have a great mayor,you have a great leadership here,and we will always work together step by step.
P+E:What key methods Houston take to attract so many people every year to take part in the conferences and trade shows such as OTC?
Adrian Garcia:The OTC is one of the largest international events and it has been held in Houston for more than 30 years.We are very proud of it,and we work very hard to keep it.So we are not only working hard to continue thing that we have,we are also working very hard to become efficient in energy field.So we are working in direction for more people come to Houston for the OTC and for many other conferences.We have plan to report it alive,we are very friendly city.And so many people find Houston a very good place to have business and pleasure.
P+E:The largest petroleum show in Asia?cippe has got great support from the America Embassy to China,and the US Pavilion to cippe is getting larger and larger.Why more and more American petroleum enterprises are interested in Chinese petroleum market?
Adrian Garcia:I’ve always said that it is important for us to create the relationship across the country and across the world, because when we count for the energy we need to be better partner with China,and we need to be shared the information, we are both the largest consumer of oil and gas in the world, so we need to make sure that we always share information and develop the relationship.And again,in the nowadays,the world is very small,and so we need to make sure that we are part of another actively.
P+E:Is it possible for you to organize a team to visit cippe?So we will meet more partners all around the world.
Adrian Garcia:I think it is very possible,tomorrow if you like you will sit down with Ms,Chang(Executive Assistant to the Mayor)and we would possibly make an arrangement.
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